The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced\ndistributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and\nmaking our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power\nsupply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints\nand link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes\nenergy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In\nthis paper, we propose an Energy-EfficientUnequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimalmultihop\nrouting algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the\nnetwork lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network\nlifetime compared to other related protocols.
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